CME: cystoid macular edema 1. Adapted from Valentincic et al. Molecular Vision 2011; 17: 2003-2010. 2. Adapted from Fine et al. Am J Ophthal. 2001; 132: 794-796. Aqueous humor IL-6 levels in patients with intermediate uveitis 1 VEGF levels in aqueous humor of uveitis patients with macular edema vs without macular edema 2 43 • IL-6 levels are elevated in patients with ocular inflammation and further elevated in patients with inflammatory macular edema • Persistent inflammation triggers VEGF upregulation. VEGF levels are found to be elevated in eyes with inflammatory macular edema VEGF IL-6 Both IL-6 and VEGF levels are elevated in patients who have ocular inflammation and macular edema