Kodiak Sciences Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (in thousands, except share and per share data) 90 Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, accrued research and development, stock-based compensation and impairment of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Risks and Uncertainties Global economic and business activities continue to face widespread macroeconomic uncertainties, including health epidemics, labor shortages, bank failures, inflation and monetary supply shifts, tariffs, recession risks and potential disruptions from the geopolitical conflicts. The Company continues to actively monitor the impact of these macroeconomic factors on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, and workforce. The extent of the impact of these factors on the Company’s operational and financial performance, including its ability to execute its business strategies and initiatives in the expected timeframe, will depend on future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted; however, any continued or renewed disruption resulting from these factors could negatively impact the Company’s business. The Company’s future results of operations involve a number of risks and uncertainties common to clinical stage companies in the biotechnology industry. The Company’s product candidates are in development and the Company operates in an environment of rapid change in technology and substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Factors that could affect the Company’s future operating results and cause actual results to vary materially from expectations include, but are not limited to, uncertainty of results of clinical trials and reaching milestones, uncertainty of regulatory approval of the Company’s potential drug candidates, uncertainty of market acceptance of any of the Company’s product candidates that receive regulatory approval, competition from new technological innovations, substitute products and larger companies, securing and protecting proprietary technology, strategic relationships and dependence on key individuals and vendors. Products developed by the Company require approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that any of the Company’s product candidates will receive the necessary approvals. If the Company is denied approval, approval is delayed or the Company is unable to maintain approvals, it could have a materially adverse impact on the Company. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will generate significant revenue from product sales. The Company expects to incur substantial operating losses for the next several years and will need to obtain additional financing in order to complete clinical trials, launch and commercialize any product candidates for which it receives regulatory approval. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available or will be on terms acceptable by the Company. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash and cash equivalents were invested primarily in money market funds through highly rated financial institutions. Investments are restricted, in accordance with the Company’s investment policy, to a concentration limit per issuer or sector. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.