20 In the normal course of business, we intend to pursue, when possible, composition, method of use, dosing and formulation patent protection, as well as manufact f ur t ing and drug r development processes and technology. The patents and patent applications we have filed outside of the United States are in Europe, Japa a n, and various other jurisdictions. Individual patents extend for varying periods of time, depending upon the date of filing of the patent application, the date of patent issuance, and the legal term of patents in the countries in which they are obtained. Generally, patents issued for applications filed in the United States are effe f ctive for 20 years from the earliest effe f ctive filing date. In addition, in certain instances, a patent term can be extended to recapt a ur t e a portion of the term effe f ctively lost as a result of the FDA regulatory r review period. The restoration period cannot be longer than five years and the total patent term, including the restoration period, must not exceed 14 years following FDA approval. The duration of patents outside of the United States varies in accordance with provisions of applicable local law, but typically is also 20 years from the earliest effe f ctive filing date. Our issued U.S. patents will expire on dates ranging from 2027 to 2038. If patents are issued on our pending patent applications, the resulting patents are projected to expire on dates ranging from 2027 to 2043. However, the actual protection affo f rded by a patent varies on a product-by-product basis, from country-to-country, and depends upon many factors, including the type of patent, the scope of its coverage, the availabi a lity of regulatory- r related extensions, the availabi a lity of legal remedies in a particular country, and the validity and enforceabi a lity of the patent. As of December 31, 2023, we have a total of 33 pending trademark applications and issued trademark registrations. These include two trademark registrations and three pending trademark applications in the United States, and 24 trademark registrations and three pending trademark applications in jurisdictions outside of the United States. Of the trademark registrations in jurisdictions outside of the United States, 17 are in China and one is in each of Canada, the European Union, India, Japa a n, Singapor a e, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Of the pending trademark applications in jurisdictions outside of the United States, one in each of Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom and Japa a n. We also may rely, in some circumstances, on trade secrets to protect our technology. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. We seek to protect our technology and product candidates, in part, by entering into confid f entiality agreements with those who have access to our confid f ential information, including our employees, contractors, consultants, collaborators, and advisors. We also seek to preserve the integrity and confid f entiality of our proprietary technology and processes by maintaining physical security of our premises and physical and electronic security of our information technology systems. Although we have confid f ence in these individuals, organizations, and systems, agreements or security measures may be breached and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or may be independently discovered by competitors. To the extent that our employees, contractors, consultants, collaborators, and advisors use intellectua t l property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions. For this and more comprehensive risks related to our proprietary technology, inventions, improvements and products, please see the section on “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Intellectua t l Property.” Human Capital Management As of December 31, 2023, we had 111 employees worldwide, of whom 14 were based outside of the United States. Of these employees, 76 employees were engaged in or suppor u t research, development and clinical activities, 27 of whom hold a Ph.D. degree or M.D. (or equivalent) degree. None of our employees is subj u ect to a collective bargaining agreement. We continually assess employee turnover, recrui r tment initiatives, compensation and benefits programs, safety in performing critical labo a ratory work, diversity and other matters relevant to human capi a tal management, and we review results with our Board of Directors on a periodic basis. We aim to offe f r competitive compensation (including salary, incentive bonus, and equity) and benefits packages in each of our locations and in each of employee groups at each level around the globe as assessed with internal and external benchmarking data. Legal Proceedings As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are not a party to any material legal proceedings. In the normal course of business, we may be named as a party to various legal claims, actions and complaints. We cannot predict whether any resulting liabi a lity would have a material adverse effe f ct on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Additional Information We maintain an internet website at the following address: https://kodiak.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC.